Neutrons, a proper probe for battery research ?
Mercredi 13 avril 2016 11:00
- Duree : 1 heure
Lieu : CEA, Bâtiment C5, Salle 421B - 17 rue des martyrs - 38000 Grenoble
Orateur : Ralph GILLES (Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) TU München)
There is a huge demand to increase the performance and the lifetime of batteries. New materials, lower costs and geometrical new arrangements are the driving force to improve batteries efficiency. Important for these challenges are advanced studies on the atomic up to the microstructure level for improving the understanding of cells during charging and discharging. Methods of in situ (in position of the cell) and in operando (in operation e.q. charging/discharging) measurements are required to follow the chemical and physical processes without destroying the cells. Among the typical methods for in situ studies are X-ray techniques, scanning probe microscopy, electron microscopy, optical techniques, magnetic (resonance) techniques and last but not the least neutron techniques.
This contribution will focus on a short introduction of the FRM II neutron source and methods using neutrons as a probe for battery research. Especially, the ageing process guided with capacity and performance loss of batteries can be observed in-situ and in-operando with neutron methods like neutron diffraction (ND) [1] and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) [2]. Other methods like grazing incidence small-angle neutron scattering (GISANS) [3], prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) [4], and neutron radiography/tomography [5,6] are dedicated to study specific items of batteries related to their performance. This talk will introduce and demonstrate using various case studies how neutron techniques support the understanding of the electrochemistry and the failure of the batteries’ lifetime. For example, phenomena like lithium plating [1], transition metal dissolution/deposition [4] or mechanical damages inside the battery can be observed and described properly using the techniques mentioned above.
References :
1.) V. Zinth, C. von Lüders, M Hofmann, J. Hattendorf, I. Buchberger, S. Erhard, J. Rebelo-Kornmeier, A. Jossen, R. Gilles, Lithium plating in lithium-ion batteries at sub-ambient temperatures investigated by in situ neutron diffraction, Journal of Power Sources (2014), 271, 152.
2.) S. Seidlmayer, J. Hattendorff, I. Buchberger, L. Karge, H. A. Gasteiger, R. Gilles, Application of in situ small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements on Li-ion batteries in operando, Journal of The Electrochemical Society (2015), 162(2), A3116.
3.) N. Paul, J. Brumbarov, A. Paul, Y. Chen, J.-F. Moulin, P. Müller-Buschbaum, J. Kunze-Liebhäuser and R. Gilles, GISAXS and TOF-GISANS studies on surface and depth morphology of self-organized TiO2 nanotube arrays : model anode material in Li-ion batteries, J. Appl. Cryst. (2015), 48, 444.
4.) I. Buchberger, S. Seidlmayer, A. Pokharel, M. Piana, J. Hattendorff, P. Kudejova, R. Gilles, H. A. Gasteiger, Aging analysis of graphite/LiNi1/3Mn1/3O2cells using XRD, PGAA, and AC Impedance, Journal of the Electrochemical Society (2015), 162(14), A2737.
5.) M. Hofmann, R. Gilles, Y. Gao, J.T. Rijssenbeek and M.J. Mühlbauer, Spatially resolved phase analysis in sodium metal halide batteries – Neutron diffraction and tomography, J. Electrochem. Soc. (2012), 159 (11), A1827.
6.) V. Zinth, M. Schulz, S. Seidlmayer, N. Zanon, R. Gilles, M. Hofmann, Neutron tomography and radiography on a sodium metal halide cell under operating conditions, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, (2016), 163(6), A838.
Contact : Sandrine Lyonnard 04.38.78.92.86
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