Forces and Shape Changes in Cell Division

Orateur : Jorge FERREIRA (Chromosome Instability & Dynamics lab, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal)

Accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis requires the efficient assembly of a microtubule-based structure known as the mitotic spindle. To achieve this, most cells rely on centrosomes which must separate to establish a bipolar geometry and ultimately establish division plane orientation. Previous works have identified several molecular motors involved in centrosome movement. However, how their activities are coordinated in space and time to drive centrosome separation is still unclear. In addition, the mechanistic link coupling cell shape and extracellular force generation with centrosome separation and positioning remains poorly understood. Here, I will present ongoing work, which provides an integrated view on how cell shape influences centrosome positioning and spindle assembly. I will also show how the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons crosstalk to regulate the spatial activity of molecular motors, ultimately determining the dynamics of spindle assembly. Finally, I will discuss the implications of centrosome positioning for the fidelity of chromosome segregation.

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